Lawsuit

On September 15, 2026, Angela Lipps filed a federal lawsuit against the City of Fargo and Detective Lucas Heck, seeking $10 million in damages. The complaint alleges Heck relied on a flawed facial recognition match and ignored exculpatory evidence to bring bank fraud charges, leading to her arrest at gunpoint and detention for nearly six months. The charges were dismissed in December 2025 after bank records showed she was in Tennessee during the thefts. The suit says Fargo lacked policies governing facial recognition use at the time.

Craig Harriman filed a third lawsuit in Aroostook County Superior Court against the town of Houlton, Maine, alleging officials have not released public data from surveillance cameras removed earlier in 2026. The filing follows multiple Freedom of Access Act requests and two previous court appeals. Harriman seeks the immediate production of remaining records, including emails about the town’s facial recognition video surveillance system, and written explanations for any withheld documents. The town previously depleted its legal budget in 2025 handling FOAA lawsuits.

Lindsey has filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against two Florida Highway Patrol troopers, alleging false arrest, wrongful imprisonment, and malicious prosecution. The lawsuit follows an arrest tied to a Flock license plate camera hit. The State Attorney’s Office declined to prosecute all eight charges on May 22, 2026. Her complaint describes the Flock evidence as exculpatory, not inculpatory.

Two San Diego men, Hugo Parra and Ariel Alonso Beltran, filed a lawsuit against the city alleging officers used Flock automated license plate reader data to arrest them for a crime they did not commit. The men were arrested on November 26 after a Flock hit matched their red Alfa Romeo to a suspect vehicle. Charges were later dropped. The lawsuit alleges false arrest, negligence, unreasonable detention, and failure to investigate.

The ACLU Foundation of Northern California settled a lawsuit against Sonoma County over a code enforcement drone surveillance program. Under the settlement, Sonoma County Code Enforcement is barred from warrantless drone surveillance of homes or surrounding areas except in limited situations such as emergencies or property owner consent. Permit Sonoma must notify residents if their home was surveilled by drone, delete drone footage within 30 days of collection or investigation close, and stop sharing images with third parties unless required by law. The county must present a revised drone policy to the Board of Supervisors and produce flight logs to the ACLU for two years.

In September 2026, a federal jury in San Antonio found Bexar County liable for an unconstitutional traffic-stop program using Flock surveillance cameras. The jury ruled that the March 15, 2022 stop of Alek Schott on Interstate 35 violated his Fourth Amendment rights. Flock cameras flagged Schott’s truck as suspicious, and a deputy stopped him, held him for over an hour, and searched his vehicle. The jury awarded Schott $76, one dollar per minute of detention. Court documents show the county’s operation ran for four years and targeted countless motorists.

In September 2026 a federal jury in Texas ruled for Alek Schott, who sued Bexar County and its sheriff over a 2022 traffic stop that began with automated license plate reader data. The jury awarded $76, one dollar for each minute he was detained. Schott was stopped in March 2022 driving home from Carrizo Springs; a deputy later admitted the stated reason, lane drifting, was bogus, and Schott’s dashcam showed no drifting. The tip came through a law enforcement WhatsApp group from someone called Kiki with access to license plate reader data, citing Schott’s one-day turnaround. A drug dog alerted and the truck was searched; nothing was found. The Bexar County Sheriff’s Office touts its use of Flock Safety cameras.

Stanwood City Council unanimously approved a $40,000 payment as its share of an $80,000 settlement to resolve a public records lawsuit over Flock Safety automated license plate reader camera images. The lawsuit arose from requests by Jose Rodrigues for camera images from Stanwood and Sedro-Woolley. A Skagit County Superior Court judge ruled the cities wrongfully withheld the images, which are public records subject to disclosure, and awarded attorney fees, costs, and penalties. The settlement is split evenly between the two cities.

Amazon Web Services was added as a defendant in a federal lawsuit filed by Christopher Gatlin, who spent 17 months in jail after St. Louis police used Amazon Rekognition on a grainy, blurry image of a masked suspect. The amended complaint, filed August 13, 2026, alleges poor police work, inadequate training, misconduct and a defective facial recognition system. AWS said its terms of service prohibit police use of Rekognition’s face comparison feature in criminal investigations.

On Aug. 13, 2026, the Washington cities of Stanwood and Sedro-Woolley settled a public records case for $80,000, split $40,000 each, with Jose Rodriguez, an Oregon resident who had requested Flock camera images from Stanwood in April 2025 and Sedro-Woolley in May 2025. The cities had sought a declaratory judgment that the images were not public records; on November 6, 2025, Skagit County Superior Court Judge Elizabeth Neidzwski ruled they were. After a new state law exempting plate reader footage took effect in March 2026, the cities dropped their appeal, and on July 16 the judge ruled they had wrongfully withheld the records. Cascadia Daily News reported that Rodriguez filed 53 requests to Washington governments between September 2024 and October 2025, that at least 15 jurisdictions paid settlements of $5,000 to $40,000 each, totalling more than $300,000, and that at least 13 recipients cancelled Flock contracts or deactivated cameras. Everett separately approved a $25,000 settlement in June 2026 over a Flock records request.

On July 30, 2026, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD) still had not responded to a request for body-camera footage made more than 13 months earlier, according to a lawsuit filed by the ACLU of Nevada. The request concerned footage from a June 11, 2025, protest. The suit alleges LVMPD demanded a $6,811.33 upfront payment, charged about $85 per hour in one invoice, then switched to $5.67 per minute and later $5.80 per minute for the same footage. The ACLU seeks civil penalties under Nevada’s Public Records Act.

On July 16, 2026, plaintiffs filed a first amended class action complaint in the Northern District of California against Motorola Solutions and its subsidiary Vigilant Solutions. The lawsuit alleges violations of California’s ALPR Privacy Act, including sharing California license plate data with out-of-state and federal agencies, failing to implement adequate usage and privacy policies, and failing to maintain reasonable security procedures. The complaint states Vigilant operates over a thousand ALPR devices in California and that data has been shared with entities such as Thomson Reuters and Palantir. Case number 3:26-cv-06099-JD.

A class action complaint filed in New York State court on June 9, 2026 alleges Westchester County Police Department’s automated license plate reader system violates the state constitution and exceeds the department’s authority. The complaint says the system has at least 575 ALPRs, collected 264 million vehicle reads in 2024, and that over 99 percent were unrelated to any investigation. It alleges data is shared with ICE, FBI, and DEA without safeguards, and that Rekor Scout software captures driver images and may use facial recognition. Plaintiffs include a clinic escort and an immigration observer.

The American Civil Liberties Union of Delaware settled a lawsuit against Dewey Beach after the town voluntarily released police body-worn camera footage that had been initially denied in response to a public records request. The lawsuit, filed in Delaware Superior Court in March 2026, alleged the town improperly denied the request. The incident occurred in summer 2025, involving young people who reported possible racial discrimination; none were charged. The ACLU argued Delaware law allows access when there is no ongoing criminal investigation. On June 4, 2026, the ACLU announced the footage was provided and the case settled. Andrew Bernstein, ACLU-DE Civic Engagement Counsel, said, “Body-worn cameras only provide transparency and accountability to the extent that the public can actually access the footage.”

A Canadian truck driver, Gurdeep Gill, plans to sue the city of Temple, Texas, after a police drone crashed into his semi truck on June 2, 2026, on Interstate 35 at West Nugent Avenue, sending him to the hospital. The Cochran law firm filed a governmental notice of liability claim against the city on Gill’s behalf. The city has not released crash-related documents despite multiple records requests, and the Texas attorney general will decide whether the records must be released. A DJI Matrice 30T drone was put out of service around the time of the crash.

Eva Pizzarelli filed a federal lawsuit in June 2026 alleging Cumberland, Rhode Island police wrongfully arrested and prosecuted her after an officer used a Flock Safety license-plate camera photo to identify her as the driver of a fleeing vehicle. The suit says the camera captured a photo of a person inside the vehicle, not just a license plate. Pizzarelli was arrested April 8, 2025, held over six hours, and charged with reckless driving and eluding police. Charges were later dismissed. She seeks $750,000 in damages. The ACLU of Rhode Island has urged the town to end its Flock contract.

On 22 May 2026, prosecutors declined to prosecute Lindsey Brooke Isaacs on all eight charges, including three counts of vehicular homicide, after a second review found no collision damage on her black Dodge Durango. She had been arrested on 17 April 2026 after a Flock Safety license-plate reader placed her vehicle three miles from a fatal crash on Interstate 4. Witnesses described a maroon Durango. Isaacs spent 13 days in jail and has filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against two Florida Highway Patrol troopers. Flock Safety said its cameras “provide investigative leads; they do not identify perpetrators.” Isaacs said investigators misinterpreted the footage.

In May 2026 Maricopa County Superior Court Judge Michael Herrod ruled that Senate Bill 1543, the Arizona law that removed Scottsdale voters’ ability to hold a referendum on Axon’s planned headquarters and housing project, is constitutional. A residents’ group, Taxpayers Against Awful Apartment Zoning Exemptions, had gathered enough signatures to put the rezoning on the ballot before the governor signed the bill. The law requires cities of 200,000 to 500,000 residents to allow hotel and multifamily housing on land zoned like the Axon parcel without a public hearing. Herrod wrote that the bill was clearly triggered by Axon’s zoning situation but, because it can apply in other cities, is not a special law. The group announced on June 1 that it would appeal. Scottsdale’s council voted 6-1 on September 12, 2025 to file a notice of claim against the state.

A class action complaint filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan alleges Thomson Reuters publicly displays five sequential digits of social security numbers through its CLEAR and Westlaw PeopleMap platforms, violating Michigan’s Social Security Number Privacy Act. The plaintiff seeks $1,000 per class member plus attorney fees. The complaint notes a prior similar suit, Nyman v. Thomson Reuters, was dismissed in state court.

On April 17, 2026, the Florida Highway Patrol arrested Lindsey Isaacs, 23, on eight felony charges, including three counts of vehicular homicide, for an October 4, 2025 hit-and-run on I-4 that killed three people. A Flock camera had recorded her black Dodge Durango about three miles from the crash. A 911 caller had described a maroon Durango and gave a partial plate that did not match hers, and the struck vehicle bore maroon paint. She spent 13 days in jail. Prosecutors dropped the charges on May 22, 2026, the same day investigators arrested another driver whose maroon Durango had been repaired after the crash. Isaacs filed a federal lawsuit against FHP and two sergeants, alleging they claimed her undamaged vehicle showed crash damage and ignored evidence that would have cleared her. No settlement is reported.

On March 4, 2026 Chicago agreed to pay $500,000 to Michael Williams, who was charged with murder in 2020 after prosecutors used audio from ShotSpotter sensors as key evidence that he had shot a man inside his car. Williams spent nearly a year in jail before a judge dismissed the case at prosecutors’ request for insufficient evidence. His federal lawsuit, brought with the MacArthur Justice Center, alleged police misused the technology. The city’s Law Department said the payment resolved the case before trial and included no admission that the city was legally at fault. SoundThinking issued a statement the same day saying the company’s data had helped clear Williams.

On February 26, 2026, the law firms Gibbs Mura and Milberg filed a class action against Flock Safety in San Francisco Superior Court, alleging the company violated California’s ALPR Privacy Act (SB 34, 2015) by letting out-of-state and federal agencies, including ICE, CBP, the FBI and the ATF, query California cameras. An amended complaint was filed April 3, 2026. The suit cites San Francisco police cameras being searched by outside agencies more than 1.6 million times in about seven months and a Ventura County audit that found roughly 364,000 unauthorized searches. The Ventura audit, reported in February 2026, found that the National Lookup feature had been reactivated after the sheriff’s office disabled it in 2023; 299 of the queries were explicitly linked to immigration enforcement, and Oxnard police suspended their readers. The suit seeks $2,500 per violation.

On October 3, 2025, California Attorney General Rob Bonta sued the City of El Cajon, alleging the city refused to comply with state law by sharing automated license plate reader data with more than 100 out-of-state law enforcement agencies. California law limits ALPR data sharing to “public agencies,” which the attorney general’s October 2023 bulletin says excludes federal and out-of-state agencies. Since 2024 the office has sent letters to 18 California law enforcement agencies, including sheriff’s offices in Contra Costa, Sacramento and Riverside counties, over possible violations. On January 21, 2026, the attorney general filed a further motion in California v. City of El Cajon. In October 2025 Governor Newsom vetoed a bill that would have added new regulations on license plate readers.

In September 2025, an $875,000 settlement in the Evans v. City of San Diego case was approved after an unarmed man was shot with rubber bullets and attacked by a K-9. The separate First Amendment Coalition v. City of San Diego lawsuit remains pending, alleging the city withheld body-worn camera footage required for release within 45 days under California’s SB 1421 and AB 748.

On August 26, 2025, Evanston ordered Flock Safety to deactivate its 19 license plate reader cameras and issued a 30-day termination notice, effective September 26, after an Illinois Secretary of State audit found Flock had let U.S. Customs and Border Protection access Illinois camera data in violation of state law. Flock challenged the termination. In September the company reinstalled stationary cameras without city authorization, and the city covered the cameras pending removal. The five-year contract, approved January 8, 2024, at $48,500 per year, runs to January 29, 2029; the city paid the first two years and would owe $145,500 for the remaining three if the contract is upheld. As of March 2026 no lawsuit had been filed, the city had not paid its 2026 fee, and the final two cameras were removed after a RoundTable inquiry.

In August 2025 the City of Chicago agreed to settle Williams v. City of Chicago, a class action brought on behalf of two men who were stopped and frisked after ShotSpotter alerts, in separate incidents on the South and Northwest sides. The city’s Law Department put the settlement at $90,000. As part of the agreement the city conceded that a ShotSpotter alert alone does not justify stopping or patting down a person who happens to be near the alert location. The city had stopped using the system in September 2024 and, at the time of the settlement, was considering bringing gunshot detection back.

In May 2025, the Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office agreed to pay $200,000 to settle a federal civil rights suit by Randal Reid, with the payment finalized in federal court in New Orleans. Reid was stopped by DeKalb County police outside Atlanta the day after Thanksgiving 2022 on warrants from Jefferson and East Baton Rouge parishes accusing him of using stolen credit cards to buy about $15,000 in designer purses. He had never been to Louisiana and spent six days in jail before the warrants were withdrawn. According to the suit, the sole basis for identifying him was a Clearview AI facial-recognition match run by a sheriff’s detective; the office had awarded Clearview a $25,000 contract in 2019. The arrest affidavit did not mention facial recognition, citing only ‘a credible source.’ The suit alleged the office had no formal policy or training on the technology despite using it since at least 2019.

On March 20, 2025 U.S. District Judge Sharon Johnson Coleman in the Northern District of Illinois granted final approval to a nationwide class settlement of consolidated Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act and other state-law claims against Clearview AI, which built a database of tens of billions of face images scraped from social media and other websites. Rather than a cash fund, the class receives a 23 percent equity stake in the company, valued at about $51.75 million on an agreed $225 million company valuation as of January 2024, with an option to take 17 percent of revenue through September 2027 instead. The value is contingent on the class being able to monetize the stake. The deal followed the ACLU’s separate 2022 Illinois consent order barring Clearview from selling its database to private entities nationwide and to any Illinois entity, including police, for five years. European regulators have separately fined the company, including a €30.5 million Dutch penalty announced September 3, 2024.

The Pasco County Sheriff’s Office permanently ended its ‘Intelligence Led Policing’ predictive policing program and paid $105,000 to four plaintiffs to settle a federal civil rights lawsuit. The settlement agreement acknowledged the program exceeded officers’ implied license to knock on doors and perform offender checks, interfering with the plaintiffs’ First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendment rights. Plaintiff Darlene Deegan had been harassed for three years after her son was flagged by the program. The program used algorithms to flag ‘prolific offenders,’ as revealed by a 2020 Tampa Bay Times investigation. The sheriff’s office also agreed not to create a similar program.

On June 28, 2024 the City of Detroit and Robert Williams formalized a settlement of Williams v. City of Detroit, the ACLU-backed suit over his January 2020 arrest. Detroit police had matched his driver’s licence photo to security video of a 2018 shoplifting at a Shinola store; he was arrested outside his home in front of his family and held for about 30 hours. His case was the first publicly reported wrongful arrest attributed to a false face-recognition match. The city agreed to pay $300,000. Under the court-enforceable agreement, Detroit police may no longer arrest anyone solely on a face-recognition result or on a photo lineup built from one; a match may serve only as a lead requiring independent corroboration. The department must also review cases from 2017 to 2023 in which the technology was used and notify prosecutors of any arrest made without independent evidence. The ACLU called it the strongest police policy on the technology in the country.

On April 11, 2024, Toledo police officer Adrian Wilson stopped Brandon Upchurch after a Flock license plate reader misread the plate JLL 7637 on his red Dodge pickup as JLL 7362, a tan Chevrolet Malibu reported stolen. Wilson read the actual plate to dispatch, confirming the mismatch, but continued the stop. Backup officers arrived, and a police dog bit Upchurch. He was charged with obstructing and resisting arrest; charges were later dismissed. An internal investigation cleared the officers of wrongdoing regarding the dog attack, but Wilson received a verbal reprimand for failing to verify the plate. Upchurch sued for at least $75,000; a settlement has been agreed but awaits Toledo City Council approval.

In spring 2024, the California Supreme Court refused to hear Chula Vista’s appeal, affirming an appellate ruling that the city’s blanket refusal to disclose police drone video was too broad. The case began in 2021 when La Prensa publisher Art Castañares filed a public records request for drone footage. The ruling sets a statewide precedent affecting over a dozen California cities using or exploring first-responder drones. Castañares said, ‘Our lawsuit created a statewide legal precedent that improves the public’s access to police records that agencies have tried to shield from disclosure.’

In February 2024, Steven Melvin, an Iraq War veteran, was stopped at gunpoint in Lake Wylie, South Carolina, after a Flock Safety license plate reader misread one letter on his plate, flagging his car as stolen. Deputy Kyle Brogden held him at gunpoint for over five minutes while verifying the error. Internal records show the cameras had correctly read the same plate 13 times before. Melvin was released, no charges filed. On June 29, 2026, he filed suit in state court; the case was removed to federal court. The sheriff’s office seeks dismissal, arguing ‘a mistake of fact leading to a seizure under the Fourth Amendment does not amount to a Constitutional violation.’ The case is pending in federal court.

The municipality of Augusta, Maine, filed a proposed class action against Axon Enterprise Inc. in US District Court for the District of New Jersey on Oct. 5, 2023. The complaint alleges that Axon’s dominance in the market for long-range conducted energy weapons and body-worn camera systems allowed it to charge higher prices. The lawsuit claims the police department paid inflated prices for Tasers and body cameras.

On April 14, 2023 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that Axon could bring its constitutional challenge to the Federal Trade Commission’s structure in federal district court rather than first going through the FTC’s own administrative process. The dispute began after Axon acquired rival body-camera maker Vievu in 2018. The FTC began an antitrust investigation into the acquisition. Axon sued, arguing the proceeding violated its due-process rights and that the FTC’s structure improperly insulated it from the president. A district court had dismissed the case on jurisdictional grounds. On October 9, 2023 the FTC dismissed its antitrust complaint against Axon.

In late 2022, Chesterfield County’s automated record deletion system purged police radio recordings related to Charlotte Carter’s arrests, including communications one hour before and after each arrest. Carter had filed a FOIA request in November 2022 seeking those records, along with a lawsuit challenging a $24,000 cost estimate. The deletions occurred after the FOIA petition was filed but before the county disclosed the records no longer existed. In March 2026, Carter’s attorney moved for sanctions against the county and county attorney Julie Seyfarth. Trial arguments are scheduled for June 2026.

On July 23, 2022, Española, New Mexico, police stopped a car driven by Jaclynn Gonzales, then 21, with her 12-year-old sister as a passenger, after a Flock Safety camera flagged the plate as belonging to a vehicle stolen from Rio Rancho. The plate ended in a 2, which the camera read as a 7; the two plates differed by one character. A sergeant ordered Gonzales out at gunpoint before dispatch had confirmed the plate. An officer asked the child whether she had weapons, handcuffed her and placed her in a patrol vehicle. Officers then checked the plate and VIN and found the mismatch. Both sisters sued the city in state district court on January 3, 2024. The Rio Grande Sun reported the city settled the case in June 2025, paying $20,000 to each sister, part of eight settlements totaling more than $1.3 million.

In June 2022, Marin County and its sheriff settled a lawsuit brought by three community activists with ACLU of Northern California and EFF backing. The complaint said the sheriff’s office had, since 2014, shared automated license plate reader data with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, other federal agencies and hundreds of out-of-state agencies, in violation of SB 34 and the California Values Act. Under the settlement, the sheriff agreed to stop sharing the data with agencies outside California.

On February 17, 2022, the ACLU and ACLU of Maryland reached a settlement with the Baltimore Police Department in a lawsuit challenging the department’s aerial surveillance program, under which planes equipped with high-resolution cameras operated by Persistent Surveillance Systems flew over the entire city at least 40 hours a week. The settlement followed a Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling that found the pilot program unconstitutional. The settlement blocks the city from implementing a similar program in the future, stops police from accessing collected data except in connection with existing prosecutions, and requires the destruction of all records from the program.

In July 2021, Sam Aguiar, an attorney for Breonna Taylor’s family, filed a lawsuit against the Louisville Metro Police Department. The suit alleges that LMPD may have withheld body-camera footage from the night Taylor was killed on March 13, 2020, and that authorities may have presented misinformation about the existence of such footage. The lawsuit states officers were issued Axon body cameras programmed to activate automatically, and requests release of body-camera information under Kentucky’s public records law. The article notes Louisville had agreed to a $12 million settlement with Taylor’s family in 2020.

On this date, the American Civil Liberties Union filed suit against the Detroit Police Department on behalf of Robert Williams, described as the first US person wrongfully arrested based on facial recognition. Williams was arrested in 2019 after a facial recognition system matched a grainy security image to his driver’s license photo. Police showed a photo lineup to a security guard who had not witnessed the shoplifting, and the guard selected Williams. He spent 30 hours in detention. The prosecutor’s office later apologized. The lawsuit alleges police used unreliable facial recognition despite known racial bias. A second man, Michael Oliver, sued last year.

Baltimore’s Board of Estimates voted unanimously Wednesday to cancel the city’s contract for aerial surveillance planes operated by Persistent Surveillance Systems. The planes had flown their final Baltimore flight on Oct. 31, 2020. Lisa Walden, a city attorney representing the Baltimore Police Department, said allowing the contract to continue would be ‘less transparent’ and that the city is working to delete 85% of collected data, retaining 15% for ongoing investigations. The cancellation came as the city faced an ACLU lawsuit over the program. Mayor Brandon Scott said preliminary reviews showed no significant difference between crimes investigated with the use of the planes and those without.

The American Civil Liberties Union and partners sued Clearview AI in Cook County on May 28, 2020, alleging the facial recognition firm violated the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act. The suit aims to protect survivors of domestic violence and sexual abuse. Chicago police confirmed the same day that the department no longer uses Clearview’s software. CPD spokesman Howard Ludwig said Clearview terminated the $49,875 contract on May 1 and issued a prorated refund. The department’s contract with another facial recognition firm remains intact.

In a § 1983 excessive force lawsuit by Dustin Woods against officer Jason Scissons, the U.S. District Court for the District of Arizona ruled that the City of Prescott failed to preserve dashboard camera footage from the incident. The court found that dash cams in at least two police vehicles would have recorded relevant footage and that the city had a duty to preserve it. It imputed the spoliation to Scissons and allowed a jury instruction that if the jury finds the city destroyed the footage with intent to deprive Woods of its use, it may infer the footage was unfavorable to the city.

On November 25, 2018, Contra Costa County sheriff’s deputies stopped Brian Hofer, chair of Oakland’s Privacy Advisory Commission, and his brother at gunpoint after an automated license plate reader alerted that their rental car was stolen. The Getaround Kia had been stolen from San Jose in October and recovered, but the recovery had not been cleared from the hot list. Deputies released the pair after sorting out the record; no one was booked. Hofer filed a federal civil rights suit against the deputies, alleging warrantless search and excessive force. KTVU reported the sheriff’s office paid him $49,500 in an August settlement. EFF later cited the case as an example of an alert generated by outdated data rather than a camera misread.